Monitoring and modeling of household air quality related to use of different Cookfuels in Paraguay.

In Paraguay, 49% of the population depends on biomass (wood and charcoal) for cooking. Residential biomass burning is a major source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) in and around the household environment. In July 2016, cross-sectional household air pollution sampling was conducted in 80 households in rural Paraguay. Time-integrated samples (24 hours) of PM2.5 and continuous CO concentrations were measured in kitchens that used wood, charcoal, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or electricity to cook. Qualitative and quantitative household-level variables were captured using questionnaires. The average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m3 ) was higher in kitchens that burned wood (741.7 ± 546.4) and charcoal (107.0 ± 68.6) than in kitchens where LPG (52.3 ± 18.9) or electricity (52.0 ± 14.8) was used. Likewise, the average CO concentration (ppm) was higher in kitchens that used wood (19.4 ± 12.6) and charcoal (7.6 ± 6.5) than in those that used LPG (0.5 ± 0.6) or electricity (0.4 ± 0.6). Multivariable linear regression was conducted to generate predictive models for indoor PM2.5 and CO concentrations (predicted R2  = 0.837 and 0.822, respectively). This study provides baseline indoor air quality data for Paraguay and presents a multivariate statistical approach that could be used in future research and intervention programs

Use of passive diffusion sampling method for defining NO(2 )concentrations gradient in São Paulo, Brazil

BACKGROUND: Air pollution in São Paulo is constantly being measured by the State of Sao Paulo Environmental Agency, however there is no information on the variation between places with different traffic densities. This study was intended to identify a gradient of exposure to traffic-related air pollution within different areas in São Paulo to provide information for future epidemiological studies. METHODS: We measured NO(2 )using Palmes' diffusion tubes in 36 sites on streets chosen to be representative of different road types and traffic densities in São Paulo in two one-week periods (July and August 2000). In each study period, two tubes were installed in each site, and two additional tubes were installed in 10 control sites. RESULTS: Average NO(2 )concentrations were related to traffic density, observed on the spot, to number of vehicles counted, and to traffic density strata defined by the city Traffic Engineering Company (CET). Average NO(2)concentrations were 63μg/m(3 )and 49μg/m(3 )in the first and second periods, respectively. Dividing the sites by the observed traffic density, we found: heavy traffic (n = 17): 64μg/m(3 )(95% CI: 59μg/m(3 )– 68μg/m(3)); local traffic (n = 16): 48μg/m(3 )(95% CI: 44μg/m(3 )– 52μg/m(3)) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The differences in NO(2 )levels between heavy and local traffic sites are large enough to suggest the use of a more refined classification of exposure in epidemiological studies in the city. Number of vehicles counted, traffic density observed on the spot and traffic density strata defined by the CET might be used as a proxy for traffic exposure in São Paulo when more accurate measurements are not available

Saúde mental na atenção básica: uma rede rizomática para infância e adolescência

Objective: to map mental health care for children and adolescents, its flows, lines and connections based on the articulation of the Psychosocial Care Centers for Children and Adolescents (Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil, CAPSi) and Primary Health Care (PHC). Method: a qualitative and cartographic research study conducted between August and December 2017 in a municipality from Rio Grande do Sul. The study participants were CAPSi and PHC professionals. Results: the cartographic experience with the rhizomatic network made it possible to monitor CAPSi's articulation with PHC services; planning and sharing care according to workers' collective action, and also the “knots” and challenges of the child and youth mental health network. Insecurity to deal with the demand, lack of knowledge and the need for training as a support modality are challenges mentioned by PHC professionals for networked assistance. Conclusion: care-related arrangements can articulate/share the assistance provided, evoking a “rhizomatic network” of connections, flows and varied lines.Objetivo: cartografiar la atención en salud mental para niños y adolescentes, sus flujos, líneas y conexiones a partir de la articulación de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) y la Atención Primaria (AP). Método: investigación cualitativa y cartográfica realizada en un municipio de Rio Grande do Sul entre agosto y diciembre de 2017. Los participantes del estudio fueron profesionales del CAPSi y de AP. Resultados: la experiencia cartográfica con la red rizomática permitió monitorear la articulación del CAPSi con servicios de AP, la planificación y cooperación en la atención conforme a la acción colectiva de los trabajadores, y también los “nodos” y desafíos de la red de salud mental infanto-juvenil. La inseguridad para lidiar con la demanda, añadida a la falta de conocimiento y a la necesidad de capacitación como forma de apoyo, son desafíos mencionados por los profesionales de AP para brindar asistencia en red. Conclusión: implementar disposiciones asistenciales específicas puede ser útil para articular/compartir la atención provista, evocando una “red rizomática” de conexiones, flujos y líneas variadas.Objetivo: cartografar o cuidado em saúde mental à criança e ao adolescente, seus fluxos, linhas e conexões a partir da articulação do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) e Atenção Básica (AB). Método: pesquisa qualitativa e cartográfica, realizada em   município do Rio Grande do Sul, de agosto a dezembro de 2017. Participaram do estudo profissionais do CAPSi e AB. Resultados: a experiência cartográfica com a rede rizoma permitiu acompanhar a articulação do CAPSi com serviços da AB; o planejamento e compartilhamento do cuidado segundo o agir coletivo dos trabalhadores, e também os “nós” e desafios da rede de saúde mental infantojuvenil. A insegurança para lidar com a demanda, com a falta de conhecimento e a necessidade de capacitação como forma de apoio são desafios mencionados pelos profissionais da AB para uma assistência em rede. Conclusão: arranjos assistenciais podem articular/compartilhar cuidados, evocando uma “rede rizomática” de conexões, fluxos e variadas linhas

A QUEDA DE UM PRESIDENTE: EFEITOS DE SENTIDO SOBRE O PROCESSO DE IMPEACHMENT DO EX-PRESIDENTE FERNANDO COLLOR DE MELLO NO JORNAL O GLOBO

Este artigo trata do funcionamento do discurso jornalístico e da produção de sentidos sobre o impeachment do ex-presidente Fernando Collor de Mello. A partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso Pecheutiana, objetivamos analisar os sentidos veiculados pelo jornal O Globo entre 29 de setembro e 30 de dezembro de 1992. Assim, pretendemos responder como o discurso jornalístico construiu e significou o processo de impedimento do ex-presidente e como aconteceu a sua (des)legitimação por meio desses sentidos, considerando as condições de produção. Por fim, foi possível perceber como a discursivização e as formações imaginárias ao redor de Collor, circuladas pelo jornal O Globo, deslocavam o presidente de uma posição para outra, de caçados de marajás para marajá

DA CONCILIAÇÃO COMO INSTRUMENTO GARANTIDOR DE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA: UMA ANÁLISE NO MUNICÍPIO DE CACOAL

O trabalho pretende analisar a conciliação como instrumento garantidor de acesso à justiça, em que se terá por análise o Centro Judiciários de Solução de Conflitos e Cidadania - CEJUSC do município de Cacoal. Traz à baila outros métodos de resolução de conflitos e suas diferenciações. Para subsidiar o presente estudo, foi realizada a análise da legislação congruente com o tema, levantamento bibliográfico, bem como pesquisa de campo em que se obteve dados práticos sobre o centro de conciliação, sendo que a partir deste, pôde-se verificar os resultados práticos da implantação da CEJUSC, por meio da Resolução 125/2010, no município de Cacoal, tendo como método a dogmática jurídica

Global Trends in the Use of Insecticides to Control Vector-Borne Diseases

Background: Data on insecticide use for vector control are essential for guiding pesticide management systems on judicious and appropriate use, resistance management, and reduction of risks to human health and the environment

Status of pesticide management in the practice of vector control: a global survey in countries at risk of malaria or other major vector-borne diseases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is critical that vector control pesticides are used for their acceptable purpose without causing adverse effects on health and the environment. This paper provides a global overview of the current status of pesticides management in the practice of vector control.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A questionnaire was distributed to WHO member states and completed either by the director of the vector-borne disease control programme or by the national manager for vector control. In all, 113 countries responded to the questionnaire (80% response rate), representing 94% of the total population of the countries targeted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Major gaps were evident in countries in pesticide procurement practices, training on vector control decision making, certification and quality control of pesticide application, monitoring of worker safety, public awareness programmes, and safe disposal of pesticide-related waste. Nevertheless, basic conditions of policy and coordination have been established in many countries through which the management of vector control pesticides could potentially be improved. Most countries responded that they have adopted relevant recommendations by the WHO.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Given the deficiencies identified in this first global survey on public health pesticide management and the recent rise in pesticide use for malaria control, the effectiveness and safety of pesticide use are being compromised. This highlights the urgent need for countries to strengthen their capacity on pesticide management and evidence-based decision making within the context of an integrated vector management approach.</p

Status of Legislation and Regulatory Control of Public Health Pesticides in Countries Endemic with or at Risk of Major Vector-Borne Diseases

Background: Legislation and regulation of pesticides used in public health are essential for reducing risks to human health and the environment

Graduates of Pibid-mathematics: self-evaluation of the first experience of initiation into teaching

The objective of this article is to analyse the process of self-evaluation of undergraduates who are members of the Institutional Program for Scholarship Initiation to Teaching of Mathematics on the first experience of initiation to teaching in Basic Education. The methodological contributions are linked to descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The participants in the research were five undergraduates of the Mathematics Course of Campus IV of the Federal University of Paraíba, who are members of Pibid-Mathematics and work at the Escola Cidadã Integral Senador Rui Carneiro (Mamanguape-PB). The data were collected using an online questionnaire was divided into three categories of analysis: the actions carried out involving the pedagogical workshop; teaching knowledge in the training of the teacher who teaches mathematics; and the narratives regarding the first experience of initiation into teaching and the importance of self-evaluation in pedagogical practice. The results revealed a positive sign in the first class of the graduates, perception and levelled attribution of importance on the knowledge needed for teaching, classification of didactic-pedagogical elements of major concern involved in the experience, and the possibility of giving new meaning to self-assessment, conceiving it as an instrument of regulation in and from initial training.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de autoavaliação de licenciandos integrantes do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) de Matemática sobre a primeira experiência de iniciação à docência na Educação Básica. Os aportes metodológicos vinculam-se à pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Os participantes da investigação foram cinco Licenciandos do Curso de Matemática do Campus IV – Litoral Norte – Rio Tinto, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, que são integrantes do Pibid-Matemática e atuam na Escola Cidadã Integral Senador Rui Carneiro (Mamanguape-PB). A coleta de dados utilizou um questionário online, que foi orientado em três categorias de análise: (i) as ações realizadas envolvendo a oficina pedagógica; (ii) os saberes docentes na formação do professor que ensina matemática; e (iii) as narrativas quanto à primeira experiência de iniciação à docência e quanto à importância da autoavaliação na prática pedagógica. Os resultados revelaram um aceno positivo na primeira aula dos pibidianos, percepção e atribuição nivelada de importância sobre os saberes necessários à docência, classificação de elementos didático-pedagógicos de maior inquietação envoltos na experiência e a possibilidade de ressignificar a autoavaliação, concebendo-a como instrumento de regulação na e da formação inicial